Please find below the list of references for articles in Issue 1 of our Hedgerows Ireland Journal.
Article: The Benefits of Hedgerows: Slowing the flow
References:
Biffi, S., Chapman, P.J., Grayson, R.P. & Ziv, G. (2026) The Influence of Hedgerow Planting on the
Hydrological Functioning of Two Agricultural Soil Reference Groups in Soil Use & Management. Vol.
42, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.70179.
Holden, J., Grayson, R.P., Berdeni, D., et al. (2019) The role of hedgerows in soil functioning within
agricultural landscapes in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 273 (pp. 1-12)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.027
Article: Spindle
References:
- https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/trees-woods-and-wildlife/british-trees/a-z-of-british-trees/spindle/
- https://www.ucc.ie/en/tree-explorers/trees/a-z/euonymouseoropaeus/
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320739660_Uses_of_spindle_tree_Euonymus_sp_Wood_in_medieval_Poland
- https://brehonacademy.org/cows-as-currency-in-early-ireland/
- https://www.theoi.com/Khthonios/Erinyes.html
- https://classicalwisdom.substack.com/p/the-furies
Article: Anthropomorphic landscape
References:
- https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-art-of-hidden-faces-anthropomorphic-landscapes/
- https://thegardenhistory.blog/2024/04/20/giving-the-landscape-a-human-face/
- https://flashbak.com/land-giants-anthropomorphic-landscapes-17th-century-58104/
Article: Weeds – what weeds?
References:
Academia, ”Alfred the Great’s Boethius”, 2006, https://www.academia.edu/52161133/Alfred_the_Greats_Boethius
Ancient Food and Farming, 2013, “Archaeological evidence for the consumption of ‘weeds’“ https://ancientfoodandfarming.blogspot.com/2013/10/archaeological-evidence-for-consumption.html
Andy Staples, 1999, 2023 The Penultimate HârnPage The Medieval Farming Year
https://www.penultimateharn.com/medieval_history/the-medieval-farming-year/
Britannica, “Plague of Justinian” https://www.britannica.com/event/plague-of-Justinian
C.M. O’Keefe et al, TUS, Limerick Institute or Technology, 2015, “Ragwort: Invasive weed and potential pharmaceutical” https://research.tus.ie/en/publications/ragwort-invasive-weed-and-potential-pharmaceutical/
Cambridge University Press, 2022, “Weeds and the Carolingians Empire, Culture, and Nature in Frankish Europe, AD 750–900” https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/weeds-and-the-carolingians/F221E8FE1BE399C6D4FBB963BF181B1D?utm_id=97758_v0_s00_e0_tv0#fndtn-information
Carla Nyland, “Weodmonath (August)” https://www.carlanayland.org/essays/weodmonath.htm
D. R Havlidis, 2015, “Medieval tools in agriculture” http://www.lostkingdom.net/agricultural-medieval-tools-agriculture/
Dictionary of Old English Plant Names http://oldenglish-plantnames.org/about/latest_entries/1196-w-od-h-c?page=2
Eleanor of Aquitaine Psalter https://galerij.kb.nl/kb.html#/nl/psalter/page/0/zoom/3/lat/-58.03137242177637/lng/-75.76171875
Eleanor of Aquitaine Psalter, https://galerij.kb.nl/kb.html#/nl/psalter/page/12/zoom/3/lat/-63.114637632520896/lng/-106.875
Ellice Devalles, 2017, “Medieval Garden Tools, an Overview” https://ellicesblog.wordpress.com/2017/11/23/medieval-garden-tools-an-overview/
Ellice Devalles, 2017, “Weeds, Creeping Charlie” https://ellicesblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/14/weeds-creeping-charlie/
Ellie Irons, 2018, “Inhabiting the Anthropocene: Why Say “Weed” in the Anthropocene?”
https://inhabitingtheanthropocene.com/2018/09/12/why-say-weed-in-the-anthropocene/
Faith Wallis, 2025, “Bede: The Reckoning of Time”, JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.38238623
Flying the Hedge: a Modern Approach to Hedgecraft, 2026, “Magical and Medicinal Uses of Thistle”
https://www.flyingthehedge.com/2026/07/magical-uses-of-thistle.html
Hanna Sillitoe, 2023, “The traditional uses of Milk Thistle through the centuries”
https://www.hannasillitoe.com/blogs/gut-health/exploring-the-history-and-traditional-uses-of-milk-thistle
J. Janick et al, 2009, HortScience Conference, “Tacuinum Sanitatis: Medieval Horticulture and Health”
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267278636_Tacuinum_Sanitatis_Medieval_Horticulture_and_Health
Jenny Dean’s Wild Colours, 2012, “Sawwort (Serratula tinctoria)” https://www.jennydean.co.uk/sawwort-serratula-tinctoria/
Medieval-Recipes.com, 2010-2026, “Food and recipes from medieval times: Medieval herbs for medicinal use” https://www.medieval-recipes.com/medieval-garden/herbs/
National Library of Medicine, Ekaterina Robertovna Garsiya et al, 2019, “Traditional Medicine Plant,
Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae): Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Research” https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6410315/
National Library of Medicine, K. Hardy, 2020, “Paleomedicine and the Evolutionary Context of
Medicinal Plant Use” https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7546135/
Natural Dyes, “Safflower – Carthamus tinctorious” https://naturaldyes.ca/safflower
Old English Plant names, 2011 http://oldenglish-plantnames.org/lemma/full_lemma/1196-w-od-h-c?fake=1341408
Permaculture, “Thistles: A Highly Nutritious and Medicinal Weed” https://www.permaculture.co.uk/articles/thistles-a-highly-nutritious-and-medicinal-weed/
RHS, “the Creeping Thistle” https://www.rhs.org.uk/weeds/creeping-thistle
Semantic Scholar – Some thoughts about weeds https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Some-
thoughts-about-weeds-Harlan-Wet/81ca2e51ea60de8ef994a9be05bb90045d447e2c
Shakespear’s Birth Place Trust, M. Doleschal, 2021, “Shakespeare’s Favourite Flowers: The Thistle
Librarian Mareike Doleschal explores the contrasting associations of nature’s most prickly flower, the thistle” https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/blogs/shakespeares-favourite-flowers-the-thistle/
The Bog of my Brain, “The nine herb charm”, Lacnunga manuscript, 10th century
https://foraginggardener.substack.com/p/re-enchanting-the-nine-herb-charm
The Earth Worm, Richard Mabey, “Essential reading: an unputdownable cultural history of weeds”
https://theearthworm.substack.com/p/essential-reading-an-unputdownable
The Épinal-Erfurt Glossary “ Early Latin-Old English Glossaries Colloquium”, (May 30-31, 2025) https://epinal-erfurt.artsci.utoronto.ca/ https://epinal-erfurt.artsci.utoronto.ca/index.php/early-latin-old-english-glossaries-colloquium-may-2025/
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Archive for the ‘Food and Beverage Plants’ Category”
https://blog.metmuseum.org/cloistersgardens/2010/10/29/weed-eating/
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “The Cloisters Museum & Gardens – The Medieval Garden
Enclosed” The Medieval Garden Enclosed
The National Herb Centre, “More About Herbs” https://www.herbcentre.co.uk/more-about-herbs/
The Penultimate Hârn Page, “The Medieval Farming Year”
https://www.penultimateharn.com/medieval_history/the-medieval-farming-year/
University of Cambridge, Research, 2021, “Justinian Plague was nothing like flu and may have hit England before Constantinople” https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/justinianic-plague-was-nothing-like-flu-and-may-have-hit-england-before-constantinople
Virtual Museum “Vintage and Antique Garden Tools” https://www.oldgardentools.co.uk/weeding
Wildedges, 2022, “The Worts” https://www.willowwildedges.com/blog/the-worts
Woodland Ways, “The Thistle” https://blog.woodland-ways.co.uk/flora/the-thistles/
Article: Hawthorn Berry Ketchup
References: